Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a system maintained by Canonical operativo3 4 and the developer community. It uses a Linux kernel, and its origin is based on Debian.Ubuntu is aimed at the average user, with a strong focus on usability and improve user experience. It consists of multiple software normally distributed under a free license or open source. Web statistics suggest that Ubuntu's market share in "linux distributions" is approximately 49%, and with a tendency to rise as a web server. And a significant increase of 20 million active users by the end of 2011. 

Their sponsor Canonical, is a British company owned by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth that instead 

of selling Ubuntu for profit, is funded through operating system related services and selling support técnico.11 Moreover, keeping it free of charge, the company is able to leverage the community developers to improve the components of your operating system. Canonical also supports and provides support for the derivations of Ubuntu: Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Edubuntu, Lubuntu and Ubuntu oriented servers (Ubuntu Server). Their slogan is Linux for human beings ('Linux for human beings') and name South Africa stems from the ideology Ubuntu ("Equality / Loyalty to others.").

every six months a new release of Ubuntu which is supported by Canonical, for eighteen months, through security updates, patches for bugs critical programs and minor updates. Versions LTS (Long Term Support), which are released every two years, are supported for five years on the desktop and server. history Ubuntu is a fork of the Debian project's codebase. The goal was to make a distribution of Debian easier to use and understand for end users correcting several errors of this and doing some simple tasks such as program management. Their first release was on 20 October 2004. The Ubuntu releases are timed to take place a month after the desktop environment to modify and offer the latest version of it. Ubuntu uses primarily free software making exceptions for several proprietary drivers besides the non-free firmware and software included in the Linux kernel and present non-free software in their repositories. packs Ubuntu is based on Debian's unstable branch: both distributions use the software package format and deb package management tools APT, dpkg, plus some front-ends. Debian and Ubuntu packages are binary compatible in certain cases, sometimes deb packages may need to be recompiled from source for use on Ubuntu. Many Ubuntu developers also maintain key Debian packages. Ubuntu cooperates with Debian returning changes and improvements in the code, although there are reviews on scarce inputs. In the past, Ian Murdock, founder of Debian, expressed concern about the potential change of the Ubuntu packages with respect to Debian because it could become completely incompatible. before each launch, conducts an import packages from Debian, using the Ubuntu-specific modifications. A month before the release, a process to freeze imports, helping developers to make sure the software is stable enough. since the beginning of the project, Shuttleworth provided the financial support by the profits after selling his company Thawte VeriSign, for about U.S. $ 575 million. On 8 July 2005, Mark Shuttleworth and his company Canonical Ltd. announced the creation of the Ubuntu Foundation and provided $ 10 million as initial budget. The purpose of the foundation is to ensure support and development for all future versions of Ubuntu. On 12 March 2009, Ubuntu announced external support for management platforms cloud computing, like Amazon EC2. early 2009 engineers Canonical and designers realize that the package management and installation of applications is too fragmented and even complex hence planning the creation of a central application for managing and installing applications. In October 2009 Canonical officially launched the Ubuntu Software Center (Ubuntu Software Center), allows you to find, install, uninstall applications, and also allows you to add repositories terceros.25 In October 2010 introduced the sale of applications through payments online at the Ubuntu Software Center. On June 3, 2010, Mark Shuttleworth announced the joint work with the project and its development Linaro open source Linux on ARM technology. In late September disclosed before the release of Ubuntu 10.10, this version include better and more stable support for ARM processors. During October and November 2010, it announced drastic and important changes in the Ubuntu desktop, the inclusion user interface Unity (created by Canonical), which will be used in the desktop version of Ubuntu. Mark Shuttleworth also announced that future versions of Ubuntu, Unity will be implemented in Wayland graphical server, not the graphical server X (as was typical).